What is the difference between Marxism and Maoism?

Marxism and Maoism are both ideologies that originated from the broader framework of socialism, but they have distinct differences in terms of their theoretical foundations and practical applications.

Marxism, named after Karl Marx, is a socio-economic theory that focuses on the struggle between the working class (proletariat) and the capitalist class (bourgeoisie). It emphasizes the need for a revolution to overthrow the capitalist system and establish a classless society where the means of production are collectively owned. Marxism advocates for the dictatorship of the proletariat as a transitional phase towards communism, where the state withers away, and society operates based on the principle of "from each according to their ability, to each according to their needs."

On the other hand, Maoism, also known as Marxism-Leninism-Maoism, is a variant of Marxism developed by Mao Zedong, the leader of the Chinese Communist Party. Maoism builds upon Marxist principles but adds several key elements. It emphasizes the importance of the peasantry as a revolutionary force, in addition to the working class. Maoism also emphasizes the concept of "protracted people's war," which involves guerrilla warfare and mobilizing the masses in rural areas to challenge the existing power structures. Maoism places a strong emphasis on self-reliance, mass mobilization, and continuous revolution as means to achieve socialism and eventually communism.

While both Marxism and Maoism share the goal of establishing a classless society, Maoism places greater emphasis on the role of the peasantry, rural revolution, and continuous revolutionary struggle. Maoism also diverges from traditional Marxist thought by advocating for a more decentralized and participatory approach to governance, with an emphasis on mass movements and grassroots democracy.

In summary, the main difference between Marxism and Maoism lies in their emphasis on different revolutionary forces, strategies, and approaches to governance. Marxism focuses on the working class and a centralized state, while Maoism emphasizes the peasantry, rural revolution, and a more decentralized and participatory form of governance.