Public Administration And Management Questions
There are several major theories of public administration, including:
1. Classical Theory: This theory, developed in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, emphasizes the principles of hierarchy, specialization, and efficiency. It focuses on the rational and scientific management of public organizations.
2. New Public Administration Theory: This theory emerged in the 1960s and 1970s as a response to the limitations of the classical approach. It emphasizes the importance of social equity, citizen participation, and responsiveness to public needs. It seeks to address issues of social justice and inequality.
3. Public Choice Theory: This theory, rooted in economics, views public administration as a process driven by individual self-interest. It suggests that public officials and bureaucrats act in their own self-interest rather than in the best interest of the public. It emphasizes the importance of incentives and market-like mechanisms in public decision-making.
4. New Public Management Theory: This theory, popularized in the 1980s and 1990s, advocates for applying private sector management techniques to public administration. It emphasizes performance measurement, accountability, decentralization, and market-oriented reforms. It seeks to improve efficiency and effectiveness in public organizations.
5. Governance Theory: This theory focuses on the broader concept of governance, which includes not only government but also non-governmental actors and networks. It emphasizes collaboration, participation, and the role of civil society in decision-making and service delivery. It seeks to promote democratic and inclusive forms of governance.
These are some of the major theories of public administration, each offering different perspectives and approaches to understanding and improving the practice of public administration.