Political Theory Realism And Idealism Questions Medium
Political realism and idealism are two contrasting perspectives within the field of political theory. Political realism is a school of thought that emphasizes the importance of power, self-interest, and the pursuit of national interests in international relations. It is based on the belief that states are the primary actors in the international system and that their behavior is driven by their own security and survival.
Realists argue that the international system is anarchic, meaning that there is no central authority to enforce rules or maintain order. Therefore, states must rely on their own capabilities and strategies to protect their interests. Realists believe that states are motivated by power and seek to maximize their power relative to other states. They view international relations as a constant struggle for power and security, where states are willing to use force and engage in conflict to achieve their goals.
On the other hand, idealism, also known as liberalism or utopianism, is a political theory that emphasizes cooperation, international institutions, and the pursuit of common interests in international relations. Idealists believe that states can transcend their self-interests and work together to promote peace, justice, and human rights. They argue that international cooperation and diplomacy can lead to the resolution of conflicts and the establishment of a more harmonious world order.
Idealists advocate for the creation and strengthening of international organizations, such as the United Nations, to facilitate dialogue, negotiation, and collective decision-making among states. They believe that through diplomacy, negotiation, and the adherence to international law, conflicts can be resolved peacefully and the common good can be achieved.
In summary, political realism and idealism differ in their fundamental assumptions about the nature of international relations. Realism emphasizes power, self-interest, and the pursuit of national interests, while idealism emphasizes cooperation, international institutions, and the pursuit of common interests. Realists view international relations as a struggle for power, while idealists believe in the possibility of achieving peace and justice through diplomacy and international cooperation.