Political Theory Realism And Idealism Questions Medium
Political realism and idealism are two contrasting theories in the field of political science that offer different perspectives on how states should conduct their foreign policies and interact with one another. While both theories aim to explain and guide political behavior, they differ in their assumptions, goals, and approaches.
Political realism, also known as realism or realpolitik, is a theory that emphasizes the importance of power, self-interest, and the pursuit of national security in international relations. Realists argue that states are the primary actors in the international system and that their behavior is driven by the pursuit of power and survival. They believe that states are inherently selfish and that their actions are motivated by the desire to maximize their own interests, often at the expense of others.
Realists view the international system as anarchic, meaning that there is no central authority to enforce rules or maintain order. As a result, they believe that states must rely on their own capabilities and resources to ensure their security. Realists advocate for a pragmatic and flexible approach to foreign policy, prioritizing national interests over moral or ethical considerations. They argue that states should be prepared to use force and engage in power politics to protect their interests and maintain stability.
On the other hand, political idealism, also known as idealism or liberal internationalism, is a theory that emphasizes the importance of moral principles, cooperation, and the pursuit of common goals in international relations. Idealists argue that states should prioritize ethical considerations, such as justice, human rights, and global welfare, in their foreign policies. They believe that states can and should work together to promote peace, prosperity, and the common good.
Idealists view the international system as a potential community of states, where cooperation and collective action can lead to mutual benefits. They advocate for the establishment of international institutions, such as the United Nations, to facilitate dialogue, cooperation, and the resolution of conflicts. Idealists believe in the power of diplomacy, negotiation, and peaceful means to address global challenges and promote international harmony.
In summary, political realism and idealism offer contrasting perspectives on how states should conduct their foreign policies. Realism emphasizes power, self-interest, and the pursuit of national security, while idealism emphasizes moral principles, cooperation, and the pursuit of common goals. Realists prioritize national interests and are willing to use force if necessary, while idealists prioritize ethical considerations and advocate for peaceful means of resolving conflicts.