Political Theory Realism And Idealism Questions Long
In both political realism and idealism, the concept of national interest plays a significant role, although it is understood and approached differently in each perspective.
In political realism, national interest refers to the primary objective of a state, which is to ensure its survival, security, and power in the international system. Realists argue that states are the main actors in international relations and that their actions are driven by self-interest and the pursuit of power. According to realists, the national interest is determined by the state's need to protect its sovereignty, maintain its territorial integrity, and maximize its power and influence in the global arena.
Realists believe that states are in a constant struggle for power and security, and they prioritize their own interests over any moral or ethical considerations. They argue that states should act in a self-interested manner, even if it means using force or engaging in aggressive behavior to protect their national interest. Realists also emphasize the importance of maintaining a balance of power among states to prevent any one state from dominating others.
On the other hand, in political idealism, the concept of national interest is understood in a broader and more ethical sense. Idealists believe that states should pursue their national interest not only through power and self-interest but also by promoting justice, peace, and cooperation among nations. They argue that states should prioritize the common good and work towards the betterment of humanity as a whole.
Idealists reject the realist notion that states are solely driven by self-interest and power politics. They believe that states have a moral responsibility to uphold universal values and principles, such as human rights, democracy, and international law. According to idealists, the national interest should be aligned with the global interest, and states should cooperate with each other to address common challenges and achieve shared goals.
While realists focus on the material aspects of national interest, such as security and power, idealists emphasize the moral and normative dimensions. They argue that states should pursue their national interest by promoting peace, resolving conflicts through diplomacy, and engaging in multilateral institutions and agreements.
In summary, the concept of national interest in political realism revolves around the pursuit of power, security, and self-interest, while in political idealism, it encompasses broader ethical considerations, such as justice, peace, and cooperation. Realists prioritize the survival and power of the state, while idealists advocate for the common good and the betterment of humanity.