Explain the concept of social capital in the context of social movements.

Social capital refers to the networks, relationships, and social connections that individuals or groups have within a society. In the context of social movements, social capital plays a crucial role in mobilizing and sustaining collective action.

Social capital within social movements can be understood in two dimensions: bonding and bridging. Bonding social capital refers to the strong ties and relationships among individuals who share similar identities, values, or goals. These close-knit networks provide emotional support, trust, and solidarity, which are essential for organizing and sustaining social movements. Bonding social capital helps create a sense of belonging and collective identity, fostering a shared commitment to the movement's objectives.

On the other hand, bridging social capital refers to the connections and relationships between different groups or individuals with diverse backgrounds, interests, or resources. Bridging social capital enables social movements to reach beyond their immediate networks and engage with a broader range of actors, such as other social movements, organizations, or communities. These connections facilitate the exchange of information, resources, and expertise, enhancing the movement's capacity for collective action and amplifying its impact.

Overall, social capital in the context of social movements is crucial for building and sustaining collective action. It provides the necessary social networks, trust, and resources that enable individuals and groups to come together, mobilize, and work towards common goals. Both bonding and bridging social capital are essential for the success and longevity of social movements, as they provide the foundation for solidarity, collaboration, and the expansion of the movement's influence.