What is the relationship between the federal government and state governments in the United States?

The relationship between the federal government and state governments in the United States is characterized by a system of federalism, where power is divided and shared between the two levels of government. This division of power is outlined in the United States Constitution.

The federal government, based in Washington, D.C., is responsible for handling issues of national importance and has powers granted to it by the Constitution. These powers include regulating interstate commerce, conducting foreign relations, and providing for the common defense. The federal government is also responsible for creating and enforcing laws that apply to the entire nation.

On the other hand, state governments have their own separate powers and responsibilities. They have the authority to regulate intrastate commerce, establish and maintain their own educational systems, and enforce laws within their borders. State governments also have the power to levy taxes, maintain public health and safety, and oversee elections.

The relationship between the federal government and state governments is often referred to as a "dual sovereignty" system, as both levels of government have their own distinct powers and jurisdictions. However, there are also areas where the federal and state governments share responsibilities and work together. For example, they collaborate on issues such as transportation infrastructure, environmental regulations, and disaster response.

To ensure a balance of power, the Constitution includes the Supremacy Clause, which establishes that federal laws and treaties take precedence over state laws when there is a conflict. Additionally, the Tenth Amendment reserves powers not delegated to the federal government to the states or the people, further emphasizing the importance of state autonomy.

Overall, the relationship between the federal government and state governments in the United States is one of shared powers and responsibilities, with each level of government having its own distinct role in governing the nation.