What are the key differences between exploratory, explanatory, and confirmatory mixed methods research designs?

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What are the key differences between exploratory, explanatory, and confirmatory mixed methods research designs?

Exploratory, explanatory, and confirmatory mixed methods research designs are three distinct approaches used in political science research. While they share some similarities, they differ in their primary objectives, sequencing of methods, and overall research process.

1. Exploratory mixed methods research design:
- Objective: The main goal of exploratory research is to gain a comprehensive understanding of a relatively unexplored or complex phenomenon.
- Method sequencing: Exploratory research typically starts with qualitative methods, such as interviews, focus groups, or observations, to gather rich and in-depth data. These qualitative findings are then used to inform the subsequent quantitative phase.
- Research process: Exploratory research involves an iterative process, where qualitative data collection and analysis inform the development of quantitative measures or surveys. The qualitative phase helps identify key variables and generate hypotheses, which are then tested quantitatively.

2. Explanatory mixed methods research design:
- Objective: Explanatory research aims to explain the relationships between variables and understand the underlying mechanisms or processes.
- Method sequencing: Explanatory research usually begins with quantitative data collection and analysis to establish associations between variables. Once these associations are identified, qualitative methods are employed to delve deeper into the underlying reasons or mechanisms.
- Research process: Explanatory research involves a sequential process, where quantitative data analysis is followed by qualitative data collection and analysis. The quantitative phase helps establish statistical relationships, while the qualitative phase provides insights into the contextual factors influencing these relationships.

3. Confirmatory mixed methods research design:
- Objective: Confirmatory research seeks to test and confirm existing theories or hypotheses.
- Method sequencing: Confirmatory research typically starts with quantitative data collection and analysis to test specific hypotheses derived from existing theories. Qualitative methods may be used to complement or validate the quantitative findings.
- Research process: Confirmatory research involves a deductive process, where hypotheses are tested using quantitative methods. Qualitative methods may be employed to provide additional evidence or explanations that support or challenge the quantitative results.

In summary, exploratory mixed methods research focuses on understanding complex phenomena, explanatory mixed methods research aims to explain relationships between variables, and confirmatory mixed methods research seeks to test and confirm existing theories. The sequencing of methods and the overall research process differ among these designs, reflecting their distinct objectives and approaches.