What is the main focus of realism in international relations theory?

The main focus of realism in international relations theory is to understand and explain the behavior of states in the international system. Realism posits that states are the primary actors in international relations and that their behavior is driven by self-interest, power, and the pursuit of national security.

Realists argue that the international system is anarchic, meaning that there is no central authority or global government to enforce rules and maintain order. In this context, states are constantly engaged in a struggle for power and security, as they perceive other states as potential threats to their own survival. Realists believe that states are rational actors who prioritize their own interests above all else, and they view the international system as a competitive arena where states seek to maximize their power and influence.

Realism emphasizes the importance of military capabilities and the balance of power in shaping international relations. Realists argue that states are driven by a desire to maintain or increase their power relative to other states, as they believe that a strong military is essential for deterrence and protection. They also emphasize the role of national security in shaping state behavior, as states are willing to use force or engage in conflict to protect their own interests.

Realism also highlights the role of self-interest in shaping state behavior. Realists argue that states are primarily motivated by their own national interests, which often include economic prosperity, territorial integrity, and the preservation of their political system. They believe that states will act in a self-interested manner, even if it means disregarding moral or ethical considerations.

Overall, the main focus of realism in international relations theory is to understand how states interact in the international system, driven by self-interest, power, and the pursuit of national security. Realists argue that by analyzing these factors, we can gain insights into the behavior of states and predict their actions in the international arena.