Fieldwork And Ethnography Questions Medium
In fieldwork and ethnography, researchers employ various sampling techniques to select participants or sites for their study. These techniques ensure that the sample is representative and provides valuable insights into the research topic. Some of the different types of sampling techniques used in fieldwork are:
1. Random Sampling: This technique involves selecting participants or sites randomly from the target population. It ensures that each member of the population has an equal chance of being included in the study, minimizing bias and increasing the generalizability of the findings.
2. Stratified Sampling: In stratified sampling, the target population is divided into distinct subgroups or strata based on specific characteristics. Researchers then randomly select participants or sites from each stratum in proportion to their representation in the population. This technique ensures that each subgroup is adequately represented in the sample, allowing for more accurate analysis within each stratum.
3. Purposive Sampling: Also known as judgmental or selective sampling, purposive sampling involves deliberately selecting participants or sites based on specific criteria relevant to the research objectives. Researchers choose individuals or sites that possess the desired characteristics or have extensive knowledge about the research topic. This technique is useful when studying specific subgroups or when seeking in-depth information from experts.
4. Snowball Sampling: Snowball sampling is commonly used when studying hard-to-reach or hidden populations. Initially, researchers identify a few participants who meet the inclusion criteria and then ask them to refer other potential participants. This process continues, creating a snowball effect, until the desired sample size is achieved. This technique is particularly useful when studying marginalized or stigmatized groups.
5. Convenience Sampling: Convenience sampling involves selecting participants or sites based on their easy accessibility or availability to the researcher. This technique is often used when time, resources, or logistical constraints limit the researcher's ability to employ more rigorous sampling methods. However, convenience sampling may introduce bias, as the sample may not be representative of the target population.
6. Quota Sampling: Quota sampling involves selecting participants or sites based on predetermined quotas for specific characteristics, such as age, gender, or occupation. Researchers aim to achieve a proportional representation of these characteristics in the sample. Quota sampling is commonly used when it is not feasible to conduct random sampling, but still, some level of representativeness is desired.
It is important for researchers to carefully consider the strengths and limitations of each sampling technique and select the most appropriate one based on their research objectives, target population, and available resources.