What are the rights and responsibilities of coastal states in their EEZs?

The rights and responsibilities of coastal states in their Exclusive Economic Zones (EEZs) are outlined in the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). Coastal states have the following rights and responsibilities in their EEZs:

1. Sovereign rights for exploration and exploitation of natural resources: Coastal states have exclusive rights to explore and exploit the natural resources, both living and non-living, within their EEZs. This includes fishing, mining, and drilling for oil and gas.

2. Exclusive jurisdiction over marine scientific research: Coastal states have the authority to regulate and control marine scientific research conducted within their EEZs. They can grant or deny permission to foreign researchers and ensure that the research activities align with their national interests.

3. Environmental protection and conservation: Coastal states have a responsibility to protect and preserve the marine environment within their EEZs. They must take measures to prevent, reduce, and control pollution, as well as conserve and manage marine resources sustainably.

4. Regulation of economic activities: Coastal states have the right to regulate and manage economic activities within their EEZs, including fisheries, shipping, and the construction of artificial islands or structures. They can establish laws and regulations to ensure the sustainable use of resources and the safety of navigation.

5. Duty to cooperate with other states: Coastal states have a duty to cooperate with other states, both neighboring and distant, in the management and conservation of shared resources. This includes sharing scientific data, coordinating efforts to combat pollution, and resolving disputes through peaceful means.

It is important to note that while coastal states have extensive rights and responsibilities within their EEZs, they must also respect the rights and freedoms of other states, including the freedom of navigation and overflight. UNCLOS provides a framework for balancing these rights and responsibilities to ensure the sustainable and equitable governance of the oceans.