How does UNCLOS regulate the use and conservation of marine resources?

UNCLOS, which stands for the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, regulates the use and conservation of marine resources through several key provisions.

Firstly, UNCLOS establishes the concept of the Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ), which grants coastal states sovereign rights over the exploration and exploitation of marine resources within 200 nautical miles from their coastlines. This allows coastal states to regulate and manage the use of resources such as fish stocks, minerals, and oil and gas reserves within their EEZs.

Secondly, UNCLOS promotes the sustainable management and conservation of marine living resources. It requires states to adopt measures to maintain or restore fish stocks at levels that can produce the maximum sustainable yield, taking into account the interdependence of species and ecosystems. This includes implementing measures to prevent overfishing, protect endangered species, and minimize bycatch.

Furthermore, UNCLOS establishes the principle of the common heritage of mankind for resources in the Area, which refers to the seabed and ocean floor beyond national jurisdiction. It establishes the International Seabed Authority (ISA) to regulate and manage the exploitation of non-living resources in the Area, such as minerals. The ISA ensures that the benefits derived from these resources are shared equitably among all states and promotes the protection of the marine environment.

UNCLOS also encourages international cooperation and coordination in the conservation and management of marine resources. It calls for states to cooperate through regional fisheries management organizations and other mechanisms to ensure the sustainable use of shared fish stocks. Additionally, UNCLOS promotes the exchange of scientific research and information to enhance understanding of marine ecosystems and support effective resource management.

In summary, UNCLOS regulates the use and conservation of marine resources by establishing coastal states' rights over their Exclusive Economic Zones, promoting sustainable management of living resources, establishing the common heritage of mankind principle for resources in the Area, encouraging international cooperation, and facilitating the exchange of scientific research and information.