What are the key differences between comparative research and single-case study research?

The key differences between comparative research and single-case study research are as follows:

1. Scope: Comparative research involves the systematic comparison of multiple cases or countries to identify similarities, differences, and patterns across them. On the other hand, single-case study research focuses on in-depth analysis of a single case or country, examining its unique characteristics and dynamics.

2. Generalizability: Comparative research aims to generate broader theoretical insights and generalizable findings by examining multiple cases. It seeks to identify patterns and trends that can be applied to other contexts. In contrast, single-case study research is more focused on understanding the specific context and dynamics of a particular case, making it less generalizable to other cases.

3. Methodology: Comparative research typically employs a comparative method, which involves systematically comparing cases using various research techniques such as statistical analysis, qualitative analysis, or mixed methods. Single-case study research, on the other hand, often utilizes qualitative research methods such as interviews, observations, and document analysis to gain a deep understanding of the specific case.

4. Research questions: Comparative research often explores questions related to cross-national or cross-case comparisons, such as identifying factors that contribute to democratic transitions or analyzing the impact of different welfare policies across countries. Single-case study research, on the other hand, focuses on understanding specific phenomena within a single case, such as analyzing the factors that led to a particular policy outcome in a specific country.

5. Sample size: Comparative research typically involves a larger sample size, as it requires the inclusion of multiple cases for comparison. Single-case study research, as the name suggests, focuses on a single case, resulting in a smaller sample size.

Overall, while both comparative research and single-case study research contribute to political science, they differ in terms of scope, generalizability, methodology, research questions, and sample size.