Refined Philosophy Applied Ethics Test - 105+ MCQs: Philosophy - Applied Ethics Quiz: Test Your Knowledge with Ethics Questions and Answers

1. What is the difference between moral relativism and moral absolutism?

Moral relativism believes that moral principles are universal, while moral absolutism believes that moral principles are subjective.

Moral relativism believes that moral principles are subjective, while moral absolutism believes that moral principles are universal.

Moral relativism believes that moral principles are always right, while moral absolutism believes that moral principles can be wrong.

Moral relativism believes that moral principles can be wrong, while moral absolutism believes that moral principles are always right.

2. What is the concept of ethical relativism?

There are objective moral truths that apply universally

Moral judgments are based on individual opinions and cultural norms

Moral principles are derived from religious beliefs

Moral actions should be guided by reason and rationality

3. What is the ethical principle of veracity?

Truthfulness and honesty

Following universal rules or moral duties

Promoting the well-being of others

Avoiding causing harm or suffering

4. What is the main principle of ethical subjectivism?

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

The end justifies the means

Actions are right if they are in accordance with individual desires

Actions are right if they promote self-interest

5. Which ethical theory emphasizes the inherent value and dignity of all individuals?

Utilitarianism

Deontological Ethics

Virtue Ethics

Ethical Egoism

6. What is the concept of moral realism?

There are objective moral truths that apply universally

Moral judgments are based on individual opinions and cultural norms

Moral principles are derived from religious beliefs

Moral actions should be guided by reason and rationality

7. According to the principle of double effect, an action that has both a good and a bad effect is morally permissible if what conditions are met?

The good effect outweighs the bad effect

The bad effect is unintentional

The action is performed with good intentions

All of the above

8. What is the main principle of contractarianism?

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

The end justifies the means

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Actions are right if they are in accordance with social contracts

9. What is the ethical principle of non-maleficence?

An action is morally right if it produces the best consequences

An action is morally right if it follows a set of universal rules

An action is morally right if it is in accordance with virtues

An action is morally right if it avoids causing harm or suffering

10. What is the concept of moral nihilism?

There are objective moral truths that apply universally

Moral judgments are based on individual opinions and cultural norms

Moral principles are derived from religious beliefs

There are no objective moral truths and all moral claims are baseless

11. What is the principle of autonomy in medical ethics?

Respecting the rights and decisions of patients

Providing the best possible medical care

Maintaining confidentiality of patient information

Avoiding harm to patients

12. What is the concept of ethical egoism?

Acting in one's own self-interest is morally right

Acting in the best interest of others is morally right

Acting in accordance with societal norms is morally right

Acting in accordance with religious teachings is morally right

13. Which ethical theory states that the morality of an action is determined by its adherence to a set of moral rules or duties?

Utilitarianism

Deontology

Virtue Ethics

Relativism

14. What is the concept of ethical pluralism?

There are objective moral truths that apply universally

Moral judgments are based on individual opinions and cultural norms

Moral principles are derived from religious beliefs

Moral actions should be guided by reason and rationality

15. Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of moral character and virtues?

Utilitarianism

Deontological Ethics

Virtue Ethics

Ethical Egoism

16. What is the main principle of rights-based ethics?

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

The end justifies the means

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Actions are right if they respect individual rights

17. What is the principle of double effect?

An action is morally right if it produces the best consequences

An action is morally right if it follows a set of universal rules

An action is morally right if it is in accordance with virtues

An action is morally right if it has good intentions but may have unintended negative consequences

18. According to Kantian ethics, what is the basis for determining the morality of an action?

The consequences of the action

The intention behind the action

The cultural norms of society

The personal desires of the individual

19. What is the principle of informed consent in medical ethics?

Patients have the right to make their own decisions about medical treatment

Doctors have the duty to act in the best interest of their patients

Medical research should be conducted ethically and with the well-being of participants in mind

Confidentiality of patient information must be maintained

20. What is the main ethical concern in relationship ethics?

Trust and loyalty

Respect and equality

Communication and honesty

Consent and boundaries

21. What is the difference between descriptive ethics and normative ethics?

Descriptive ethics focuses on what people believe is right or wrong, while normative ethics focuses on what people ought to believe is right or wrong

Descriptive ethics focuses on individual opinions, while normative ethics focuses on societal norms

Descriptive ethics focuses on historical ethical theories, while normative ethics focuses on contemporary ethical theories

Descriptive ethics focuses on empirical evidence, while normative ethics focuses on philosophical reasoning

22. According to the principle of utility, an action is morally right if it produces the greatest amount of what?

Happiness

Justice

Virtue

Duty

23. What is the concept of moral objectivism?

There are objective moral truths that apply universally

Moral judgments are based on individual opinions and cultural norms

Moral principles are derived from religious beliefs

Moral actions should be guided by reason and rationality

24. What is the main principle of consequentialist ethics?

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

The end justifies the means

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Actions are right if they promote self-interest

25. Which ethical theory focuses on the consequences of actions to determine their moral worth?

Deontological Ethics

Virtue Ethics

Utilitarianism

Ethical Egoism

26. What is the ethical principle of beneficence?

An action is morally right if it produces the best consequences

An action is morally right if it follows a set of universal rules

An action is morally right if it is in accordance with virtues

An action is morally right if it promotes the well-being of others

27. What is the main principle of virtue ethics?

Actions are right if they follow moral rules

Actions are right if they maximize happiness

Actions are right if they are in line with virtuous character traits

Actions are right if they promote self-interest

28. Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of cultural and individual differences in determining moral judgments?

Ethical relativism

Moral absolutism

Moral relativism

Ethical dilemma

29. What is the principle of 'act only according to that maxim whereby you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law' called?

Golden Rule

Categorical Imperative

Principle of Utility

Principle of Double Effect

30. What is the principle of autonomy in ethics?

Respecting the rights and dignity of individuals

Promoting fairness and justice

Seeking the greatest good for the greatest number

Acting in accordance with moral duties

31. What is the branch of philosophy that deals with moral principles and values?

Epistemology

Metaphysics

Applied Ethics

Aesthetics

32. Which ethical theory emphasizes acting in one's own self-interest?

Utilitarianism

Deontological Ethics

Virtue Ethics

Ethical Egoism

33. What is the term for a moral theory that states that there are objective moral truths that are universally applicable?

Ethical relativism

Moral absolutism

Moral relativism

Ethical dilemma

34. Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of individual rights and justice?

Utilitarianism

Deontology

Virtue Ethics

Relativism

35. What is the main principle of care ethics?

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

The end justifies the means

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Actions are right if they promote caring relationships

36. What is the concept of moral absolutism?

There are objective moral truths that apply universally

Moral judgments are based on individual opinions and cultural norms

Moral principles are derived from religious beliefs

Moral actions should be guided by reason and rationality

37. What is the main principle of existentialism?

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

The end justifies the means

Do unto others as you would have them do unto you

Actions are right if they are in accordance with individual freedom and authenticity

38. What is the main principle of divine command theory?

The greatest happiness for the greatest number

The end justifies the means

Actions are right if they are in accordance with God's commands

Actions are right if they promote self-interest

39. Which ethical theory emphasizes the importance of following moral rules or duties?

Utilitarianism

Deontology

Virtue Ethics

Relativism

40. What is the principle that suggests an action is morally permissible if it produces more good than harm called?

Golden Rule

Categorical Imperative

Principle of Utility

Principle of Double Effect

Philosophy - Applied Ethics MCQ Test 2