Philosophy Social Contract Theory Questions Medium
The Social Contract Theory and the concept of human nature are closely intertwined. The Social Contract Theory is a philosophical concept that seeks to explain the origins and legitimacy of political authority and the obligations individuals have towards the state. It posits that individuals voluntarily enter into a social contract with one another, surrendering some of their natural rights and freedoms in exchange for the protection and benefits provided by the state.
The concept of human nature plays a crucial role in the Social Contract Theory as it helps to explain why individuals would willingly give up their natural rights. Different philosophers have varying views on human nature, which in turn shape their understanding of the social contract.
For example, Thomas Hobbes, a prominent social contract theorist, believed that human nature is inherently selfish and driven by self-interest. According to Hobbes, in a state of nature, where there is no government or authority, individuals would constantly be in conflict with one another, leading to a life that is "solitary, poor, nasty, brutish, and short." In order to escape this state of perpetual conflict, individuals enter into a social contract, surrendering their rights to a sovereign authority that can maintain peace and order.
On the other hand, Jean-Jacques Rousseau had a more optimistic view of human nature. He believed that humans are naturally good and compassionate, but society corrupts them. According to Rousseau, the social contract is a means to restore individuals to their natural state of goodness and freedom. By entering into a social contract, individuals agree to live under a collectively determined set of laws and regulations that promote the common good and protect individual rights.
In summary, the relationship between the Social Contract Theory and the concept of human nature is that the understanding of human nature influences the justification and nature of the social contract. Different views on human nature shape the reasons why individuals would willingly give up their natural rights and the type of government or authority that is deemed necessary for a just and orderly society.