Philosophy Social Contract Theory Questions Medium
In the Social Contract Theory, the concept of natural rights refers to the fundamental rights that individuals possess in a state of nature, prior to the establishment of a social contract or government. These rights are considered inherent and inalienable, meaning they cannot be taken away or violated by any external authority.
According to social contract theorists such as Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, individuals enter into a social contract to form a society and establish a government in order to protect and preserve their natural rights. These natural rights typically include the right to life, liberty, and property, although the specific rights may vary depending on the philosopher.
The right to life is the most basic natural right, encompassing the right to exist and be free from harm or arbitrary deprivation of life. The right to liberty refers to the freedom to act and make choices without undue interference or coercion from others. This includes the freedom of thought, expression, and association. The right to property, as advocated by Locke, entails the right to acquire, possess, and enjoy one's own property, which can include physical possessions, intellectual creations, and personal achievements.
The concept of natural rights is grounded in the belief that individuals possess these rights simply by virtue of being human, and they are not granted or bestowed by any external authority. These rights are seen as universal and applicable to all individuals, regardless of their social status, race, gender, or any other characteristic.
The social contract theory argues that individuals willingly surrender some of their natural rights to a governing authority in exchange for protection and the establishment of a just and orderly society. The government, in turn, is obligated to respect and uphold these natural rights, as it derives its legitimacy and authority from the consent of the governed.
In summary, the concept of natural rights in the Social Contract Theory refers to the inherent and inalienable rights that individuals possess in a state of nature. These rights include the right to life, liberty, and property, and are considered universal and fundamental to human existence. The social contract is established to protect and preserve these rights, with the government being responsible for upholding them in exchange for the consent of the governed.