How does Scientific Realism address the problem of theory confirmation?

Scientific Realism addresses the problem of theory confirmation by asserting that scientific theories aim to provide an accurate representation of the world, and that they can be confirmed or disconfirmed through empirical evidence and observation. According to Scientific Realism, theories are not merely convenient or useful tools for prediction and explanation, but they are genuine descriptions of the underlying reality.

Scientific Realists argue that when a theory successfully predicts and explains a wide range of phenomena, it provides strong evidence for its truth. Confirmation of a theory occurs when empirical evidence consistently supports its predictions, and when alternative theories fail to explain the same phenomena as successfully. This process of confirmation is seen as a gradual and cumulative process, where theories are refined and modified over time to better align with the evidence.

However, Scientific Realism acknowledges that theories can never be proven beyond all doubt, as new evidence or alternative theories may emerge in the future. Therefore, confirmation is always provisional and subject to potential revision. Despite this, Scientific Realists argue that the success of scientific theories in making accurate predictions and explanations provides strong reasons to believe in their truth and the existence of the entities and processes they describe.

In summary, Scientific Realism addresses the problem of theory confirmation by emphasizing the importance of empirical evidence and observation in supporting or disconfirming theories. It argues that successful predictions and explanations provide strong evidence for the truth of a theory, while acknowledging that confirmation is always provisional and subject to potential revision.