How does Scientific Realism account for the progress of science over time?

Scientific Realism is a philosophical position that asserts the existence of an external reality that is independent of our perceptions and theories, and that scientific theories aim to provide accurate descriptions and explanations of this reality. According to Scientific Realism, scientific progress occurs through the accumulation of knowledge and the refinement of theories over time.

Scientific Realism accounts for the progress of science over time by emphasizing the role of empirical evidence and the scientific method. It argues that scientific theories are not merely subjective or arbitrary constructs, but rather they are based on observations, experiments, and evidence from the natural world. As new evidence is gathered and new experiments are conducted, scientific theories are modified or replaced to better align with the observed phenomena.

Scientific Realism also recognizes that scientific progress is not always linear or straightforward. It acknowledges that theories can be revised or even discarded in light of new evidence or paradigm shifts. However, it maintains that this process of theory change is driven by a commitment to uncovering the truth about the natural world, and that scientific theories become progressively more accurate and reliable over time.

Furthermore, Scientific Realism highlights the importance of successful predictions and technological advancements as indicators of the progress of science. When scientific theories are able to make accurate predictions and lead to practical applications, it provides further support for their validity and the existence of an external reality that can be understood through scientific investigation.

In summary, Scientific Realism accounts for the progress of science over time by emphasizing the role of empirical evidence, the scientific method, and the refinement of theories based on new observations and experiments. It recognizes that scientific progress is not always linear, but maintains that scientific theories become increasingly accurate and reliable as our understanding of the natural world improves.