Explain the concept of the problem of evil as a problem of divine guidance.

The problem of evil as a problem of divine guidance is a philosophical dilemma that arises when considering the existence of evil in the world and its compatibility with the concept of an all-powerful and all-loving God. It questions how an omnipotent and benevolent deity can allow the existence of evil and suffering.

The concept of the problem of evil as a problem of divine guidance can be understood through the following arguments:

1. The Logical Problem of Evil: This argument suggests that the existence of evil is logically incompatible with the existence of an all-powerful, all-knowing, and all-loving God. If God possesses all these attributes, then He should be able to prevent evil from occurring. However, since evil does exist, it is argued that either God is not all-powerful, not all-knowing, or not all-loving.

2. The Evidential Problem of Evil: This argument acknowledges that it is logically possible for an all-powerful and all-loving God to have reasons for allowing evil. However, it questions whether the amount and nature of evil in the world are consistent with the existence of such a God. The presence of intense suffering, natural disasters, and moral evils raises doubts about the guidance and intervention of a benevolent deity.

3. Free Will Defense: One response to the problem of evil is the assertion that God allows evil to exist in order to preserve human free will. According to this defense, God created humans with the capacity to choose between good and evil, and in order for genuine moral choices to be made, the possibility of evil must also exist. Therefore, the presence of evil is a necessary consequence of human free will.

4. Soul-Making Theodicy: Another response to the problem of evil is the idea that suffering and evil serve a greater purpose in the development and refinement of human character. This theodicy argues that through experiencing and overcoming adversity, individuals can grow morally and spiritually, ultimately leading to the formation of a more virtuous and mature soul.

In conclusion, the problem of evil as a problem of divine guidance questions the compatibility of the existence of evil with the attributes of an all-powerful and all-loving God. Various arguments and theodicies have been proposed to address this problem, including the logical problem of evil, the evidential problem of evil, the free will defense, and the soul-making theodicy. However, the problem of evil remains a complex and unresolved issue in philosophy and theology.