What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning in informal logic?

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What is the difference between deductive and inductive reasoning in informal logic?

Deductive reasoning and inductive reasoning are two different approaches to reasoning in informal logic.

Deductive reasoning is a logical process where conclusions are drawn from premises that are assumed to be true. It follows a top-down approach, where the conclusion is necessarily true if the premises are true. In deductive reasoning, the goal is to reach a conclusion that is guaranteed to be true based on the given premises. It is often associated with syllogisms and formal logical systems.

On the other hand, inductive reasoning is a logical process where conclusions are drawn based on observations or evidence. It follows a bottom-up approach, where the conclusion is considered probable or likely based on the available evidence. Inductive reasoning does not provide certainty like deductive reasoning, but rather it offers degrees of probability. It is often used in scientific research, where generalizations and predictions are made based on observed patterns or trends.

In summary, the main difference between deductive and inductive reasoning in informal logic lies in the level of certainty and the direction of reasoning. Deductive reasoning aims for certainty and follows a top-down approach, while inductive reasoning aims for probability and follows a bottom-up approach based on observations or evidence.