Philosophy Informal Logic Questions Medium
In informal logic, the concept of presumption refers to a type of reasoning where an assumption or belief is initially accepted as true until proven otherwise. Presumptions are commonly used in everyday arguments and discussions to support or justify a particular claim or position.
Presumptions can be based on various factors such as common knowledge, past experiences, or widely accepted beliefs. They serve as starting points for reasoning and help to simplify complex arguments by providing a foundation upon which further reasoning can be built.
However, it is important to note that presumptions are not absolute truths and can be challenged or overturned through critical examination and the presentation of counter-evidence or alternative perspectives. The burden of proof lies on the person making the presumption to provide sufficient evidence or reasoning to support their claim.
Presumptions can be categorized into two types: rebuttable and irrebuttable. Rebuttable presumptions are those that can be challenged and overturned with sufficient evidence or reasoning. On the other hand, irrebuttable presumptions are those that are considered to be universally accepted and cannot be reasonably disputed.
The concept of presumption plays a crucial role in informal logic as it helps to establish a starting point for reasoning, encourages critical thinking, and allows for the exploration of different perspectives and arguments. It also serves as a tool for evaluating the strength and validity of arguments by examining the underlying presumptions and their supporting evidence.