Discuss the concept of presumption in informal logic.

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Discuss the concept of presumption in informal logic.

In informal logic, the concept of presumption refers to a type of reasoning where an assumption is made in the absence of evidence or proof. Presumptions are often used as a starting point for arguments or discussions, allowing individuals to make reasonable assumptions based on common knowledge or accepted beliefs.

Presumptions can be seen as a way to fill in gaps in our knowledge or to make sense of complex situations. They serve as a foundation for reasoning and help us make sense of the world around us. However, it is important to note that presumptions are not absolute truths and can be challenged or questioned.

One key aspect of presumption is that it is defeasible, meaning that it can be overturned or rebutted by providing evidence or counterarguments. This is an important feature of informal logic as it allows for critical thinking and the evaluation of different perspectives.

Presumptions can also be categorized into different types, such as legal presumptions, moral presumptions, or factual presumptions. Legal presumptions, for example, are assumptions made by the court based on legal principles or common practices. Moral presumptions, on the other hand, are assumptions made about what is morally right or wrong.

In informal logic, the concept of presumption plays a crucial role in constructing arguments and evaluating their validity. It helps us navigate through uncertainties and make reasonable assumptions, while also allowing for critical examination and potential revision of those assumptions.