Philosophy Environmental Ethics Questions Medium
In the context of environmental ethics, the difference between intrinsic and instrumental value lies in how we perceive and assign value to the environment.
Intrinsic value refers to the inherent worth or value that something possesses in and of itself, independent of its usefulness or benefits to humans. It suggests that the environment has value simply because it exists, regardless of any instrumental or practical benefits it may provide. Proponents of intrinsic value argue that nature has inherent rights and should be respected and protected for its own sake. This perspective often aligns with a biocentric or ecocentric approach, which emphasizes the intrinsic value of all living beings and ecosystems.
On the other hand, instrumental value refers to the value or worth of something based on its usefulness or benefits to humans. It views the environment as a means to an end, where nature is valued primarily for the resources, services, or economic benefits it can provide to humans. This perspective often aligns with an anthropocentric approach, which prioritizes human interests and well-being above all else.
To illustrate the difference, consider a pristine forest. From an intrinsic value perspective, the forest has value simply because it is a complex ecosystem with diverse species, contributing to the overall health and beauty of the planet. Its value is not contingent on any human use or benefit. From an instrumental value perspective, the forest may be valued for its timber, potential for tourism, or as a carbon sink to mitigate climate change. Its value is derived from its usefulness to humans.
It is important to note that these two perspectives are not mutually exclusive, and many environmental ethicists argue for a combination of both intrinsic and instrumental value. They recognize the importance of valuing nature for its own sake while also acknowledging the practical benefits it can provide to humans. This integrated approach seeks to strike a balance between human needs and the preservation of the environment for future generations.