Philosophy Distributive Justice Questions Medium
According to John Rawls, the main principles of distributive justice can be summarized as follows:
1. The principle of equal basic liberties: Rawls argues that each person should have an equal right to the most extensive basic liberties compatible with a similar liberty for others. This principle ensures that individuals have equal access to political, civil, and social rights, such as freedom of speech, assembly, and religion.
2. The difference principle: Rawls proposes that social and economic inequalities should be arranged in a way that benefits the least advantaged members of society. This principle allows for inequalities as long as they work to the advantage of those who are the most disadvantaged. It emphasizes the importance of reducing social and economic inequalities and ensuring that everyone has a fair opportunity to succeed.
3. The principle of fair equality of opportunity: Rawls argues that individuals should have equal access to positions and opportunities in society, regardless of their social background or circumstances of birth. This principle aims to create a level playing field where everyone has an equal chance to pursue their goals and aspirations.
4. The principle of the veil of ignorance: Rawls suggests that in order to determine what is just, individuals should imagine themselves behind a "veil of ignorance" where they are unaware of their own social position, talents, or abilities. This hypothetical situation helps to ensure impartiality and fairness in the distribution of resources and opportunities, as individuals would make decisions without knowing how it would personally benefit or harm them.
These principles form the basis of Rawls' theory of justice, known as "justice as fairness." They aim to create a more equitable society by prioritizing equal liberties, reducing inequalities, providing fair opportunities, and promoting impartial decision-making.