What is the concept of substance in relation to ontology?

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What is the concept of substance in relation to ontology?

In ontology, the concept of substance refers to the fundamental and independent entities that exist in the world. Substance is considered to be the underlying essence or reality of things, which persists through time and is responsible for their properties and attributes. It is often contrasted with accidents or qualities, which are considered to be dependent on substances for their existence. Substance can be understood as the ultimate building block of reality, and its nature and existence have been debated by philosophers throughout history.