Modern Philosophy 17th 19th Centuries Questions
The concept of 'the social contract' in the political philosophy of Thomas Hobbes refers to the hypothetical agreement made by individuals in a state of nature to establish a commonwealth or a sovereign authority. According to Hobbes, in the absence of a government, human beings live in a state of nature characterized by a constant state of war and conflict. To escape this chaotic condition, individuals willingly surrender their natural rights and freedoms to a sovereign ruler in exchange for protection and security. This social contract creates a political authority that has the power to enforce laws and maintain order, ensuring the well-being and safety of its citizens. Hobbes believed that this contract is binding and irrevocable, as breaking it would lead to a return to the state of nature and the consequent chaos and violence.