Modern Philosophy 17th 19th Centuries Questions Medium
Existentialism, a philosophical movement that emerged in the 19th and 20th centuries, focused on the individual's existence and the subjective experience of life. It emphasized the importance of personal freedom, choice, and responsibility in shaping one's own existence. Several key ideas and concepts are associated with existentialism:
1. Existence precedes essence: Existentialists rejected the idea that individuals have predetermined natures or essences. Instead, they argued that humans exist first and then define themselves through their actions and choices. This notion emphasizes the individual's freedom to create their own meaning and purpose in life.
2. Authenticity and individuality: Existentialism emphasized the importance of living an authentic life, true to one's own values and beliefs. It encouraged individuals to embrace their uniqueness and take responsibility for their choices, rather than conforming to societal expectations or external influences.
3. Anxiety and dread: Existentialists recognized the inherent anxiety and dread that arise from the awareness of one's freedom and responsibility. They believed that individuals must confront and embrace this existential angst in order to live authentically and find meaning in life.
4. Existential freedom and choice: Existentialism emphasized the significance of individual freedom and the power of choice. Existentialists argued that individuals are responsible for their actions and must make choices in the face of uncertainty and ambiguity. This freedom of choice is seen as both liberating and burdensome.
5. Absurdity and meaninglessness: Existentialists acknowledged the inherent absurdity and meaninglessness of life. They believed that the universe is indifferent to human existence, and individuals must confront this existential void. However, existentialists also argued that individuals have the capacity to create their own meaning and purpose through their actions and relationships.
6. Existential angst and alienation: Existentialism explored the experience of existential angst and alienation, which arise from the individual's confrontation with their own mortality, the limitations of human existence, and the feeling of being isolated or disconnected from others. Existentialists sought to address these feelings through the pursuit of authentic relationships and the recognition of shared human experiences.
Overall, existentialism challenged traditional philosophical and societal notions by emphasizing the subjective experience of the individual and the importance of personal freedom, choice, and responsibility in shaping one's own existence. It provided a framework for individuals to confront the inherent uncertainties and anxieties of life and find meaning in their own unique way.