Philosophy Metaethics Study Cards

Enhance Your Learning with Philosophy - Metaethics Flash Cards for quick learning



Moral Realism

The view that there are objective moral facts and properties that exist independently of human beliefs and attitudes.

Moral Anti-Realism

The view that there are no objective moral facts and properties, and that moral judgments are either subjective or culturally relative.

Moral Objectivity

The view that moral judgments can be true or false, and that there are correct answers to moral questions that are independent of individual opinions or cultural norms.

Moral Subjectivity

The view that moral judgments are based on individual opinions, emotions, or preferences, and that there are no objective moral truths.

Moral Relativism

The view that moral judgments are true or false relative to a particular culture, society, or individual, and that there are no universal moral truths.

Moral Absolutism

The view that there are objective moral principles that apply universally, regardless of cultural or individual differences.

Moral Nihilism

The view that there are no moral facts or properties, and that moral judgments are ultimately meaningless or unfounded.

Moral Skepticism

The view that we cannot have knowledge or justified beliefs about moral matters, or that moral knowledge is impossible.

Cognitivism

The view that moral judgments express beliefs or propositions that can be true or false, and that moral claims are cognitive in nature.

Non-Cognitivism

The view that moral judgments do not express beliefs or propositions, but rather express emotions, attitudes, or preferences.

Moral Naturalism

The view that moral properties are natural properties that can be studied and understood through empirical investigation.

Moral Non-Naturalism

The view that moral properties are non-natural properties that cannot be reduced to or explained by natural properties.

Moral Intuitionism

The view that moral knowledge is obtained through intuition or immediate awareness of moral truths, without the need for empirical evidence or reasoning.

Moral Rationalism

The view that moral knowledge is obtained through reason or rational reflection, and that moral truths can be known a priori.

Moral Empiricism

The view that moral knowledge is obtained through empirical observation and experience, and that moral truths are based on empirical evidence.

Moral Sentimentalism

The view that moral judgments are based on sentiments or emotions, and that moral truths are grounded in our emotional responses.

Moral Contractualism

The view that moral principles are based on social agreements or contracts that individuals make to promote their own interests or well-being.

Moral Universalism

The view that there are universal moral principles or values that apply to all individuals, cultures, or societies.

Moral Particularism

The view that moral judgments are context-dependent and cannot be determined by fixed rules or principles.

Moral Pluralism

The view that there are multiple, equally valid moral principles or values that can sometimes conflict with each other.

Moral Supervenience

The view that moral properties or facts are determined by non-moral properties or facts, such as natural or psychological facts.

Moral Epistemology

The study of how we acquire moral knowledge or justified beliefs about moral matters.

Moral Motivation

The study of what motivates individuals to act morally or to follow moral principles.

Moral Responsibility

The study of whether individuals can be held morally accountable for their actions, and if so, to what extent.

Moral Luck

The study of how luck or factors beyond an individual's control can affect moral judgments or moral responsibility.

Moral Dilemmas

The study of situations in which individuals face conflicting moral obligations or principles, making it difficult to determine the morally right course of action.

Moral Progress

The study of whether moral values or principles can improve or evolve over time, leading to a better society or moral understanding.

Moral Education

The study of how individuals develop moral values, virtues, or character through education or socialization.

Moral Disagreement

The study of why individuals or cultures hold different moral beliefs or judgments, and how moral disagreements can be resolved or understood.

Moral Justification

The study of how moral judgments or actions can be justified or supported by reasons or arguments.

Moral Obligation

The study of whether individuals have moral duties or obligations, and if so, what those duties or obligations entail.

Moral Rights

The study of individuals' entitlements or claims that others have a moral duty to respect or uphold.

Moral Wrongness

The study of actions, beliefs, or attitudes that are morally wrong or unjustifiable.

Moral Blame

The study of holding individuals morally responsible or accountable for their morally wrong actions or decisions.

Moral Approval

The study of expressing positive evaluations or attitudes towards morally right actions or beliefs.

Moral Emotions

The study of how emotions or affective responses are involved in moral judgments, motivations, or behaviors.

Moral Reasoning

The study of how individuals use reason or logical thinking to make moral judgments or decisions.

Moral Arguments

The study of constructing or evaluating arguments that support or criticize moral claims or positions.

Moral Principles

The study of general rules or guidelines that guide moral judgments or actions, such as principles of justice, fairness, or beneficence.

Moral Norms

The study of social or cultural norms that govern moral behavior or judgments within a particular group or society.

Moral Values

The study of what is considered morally important or valuable, such as virtues, character traits, or ideals.

Moral Virtues

The study of positive character traits or dispositions that enable individuals to act morally or to develop morally good habits.

Moral Vices

The study of negative character traits or dispositions that hinder individuals from acting morally or developing morally good habits.

Moral Autonomy

The study of individuals' capacity to make moral judgments or decisions based on their own rational reflection or principles.

Moral Paternalism

The study of situations in which individuals or institutions restrict the freedom or autonomy of others for their own perceived moral good.

Moral Freedom

The study of individuals' ability to act or make choices in accordance with their own moral values or principles, free from external constraints or influences.