Stats Measures Of Central Tendency Study Cards

Enhance Your Learning with Stats Measures of Central Tendency Flash Cards for quick learning



Mean

The average of a set of numbers, calculated by summing all the values and dividing by the total count.

Median

The middle value in a set of numbers when arranged in ascending or descending order.

Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a set of numbers.

Range

The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a set of numbers.

Variance

A measure of how spread out the values in a data set are, calculated by taking the average of the squared differences from the mean.

Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values, calculated as the square root of the variance.

Quartiles

Values that divide a data set into four equal parts, each containing 25% of the data.

Percentiles

Values that divide a data set into 100 equal parts, each containing 1% of the data.

Skewness

A measure of the asymmetry of a probability distribution, indicating the extent to which a distribution deviates from being symmetrical.

Kurtosis

A measure of the peakedness or flatness of a probability distribution, indicating the extent to which a distribution deviates from a normal distribution.

Outliers

Extreme values that are significantly different from the other values in a data set.

Central Limit Theorem

A fundamental concept in statistics stating that the sampling distribution of the mean approaches a normal distribution as the sample size increases, regardless of the shape of the population distribution.

Sampling Distribution

The probability distribution of a statistic obtained from a random sample, used to make inferences about the population.

Confidence Interval

A range of values within which the true population parameter is estimated to lie with a certain level of confidence.

Hypothesis Testing

A statistical method used to make inferences about a population based on a sample, involving the formulation of null and alternative hypotheses and the calculation of test statistics.

Correlation

A measure of the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables.

Regression Analysis

A statistical technique used to model the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables.

ANOVA

Analysis of Variance, a statistical method used to compare means between two or more groups.

Chi-Square Test

A statistical test used to determine if there is a significant association between two categorical variables.

T-Test

A statistical test used to compare the means of two groups and determine if they are significantly different from each other.

Z-Test

A statistical test used to compare a sample mean to a known population mean when the population standard deviation is known.

Probability Distribution

A function that describes the likelihood of obtaining each possible value of a random variable.

Probability Density Function

A function that describes the probability distribution of a continuous random variable.

Cumulative Distribution Function

A function that describes the probability that a random variable takes on a value less than or equal to a given value.

Expected Value

The average value of a random variable, calculated as the weighted sum of all possible values.

Covariance

A measure of the joint variability between two random variables.

Coefficient of Variation

A measure of relative variability, calculated as the ratio of the standard deviation to the mean.

Standard Error

An estimate of the standard deviation of a sample statistic, indicating the precision of the estimate.

Coefficient of Determination

A measure of the proportion of the variance in the dependent variable that can be explained by the independent variable(s).

Residuals

The differences between the observed values and the predicted values in a regression analysis.

Interquartile Range

The range between the first quartile and the third quartile, representing the middle 50% of the data.

Mean Absolute Deviation

The average of the absolute differences between each value and the mean of a data set.

Geometric Mean

The nth root of the product of n numbers, used to calculate the average growth rate or ratio.

Harmonic Mean

The reciprocal of the arithmetic mean of the reciprocals of a set of numbers, used to calculate average rates or ratios.

Weighted Mean

The average of a set of numbers, where each number is multiplied by a corresponding weight before summing.

Trimmed Mean

The average of a set of numbers after removing a certain percentage of the highest and lowest values.

Winsorized Mean

The average of a set of numbers after replacing a certain percentage of the highest and lowest values with the next highest and lowest values.

Robust Measures

Statistical measures that are not greatly affected by outliers or extreme values in a data set.

Central Tendency Measures for Grouped Data

Statistical measures used to describe the center of a grouped data set, such as the midpoint, mode, or median.

Weighted Median

The middle value in a set of numbers, where each number is multiplied by a corresponding weight before arranging in ascending or descending order.

Weighted Mode

The value that appears most frequently in a set of numbers, where each number is multiplied by a corresponding weight.

Weighted Range

The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a set of numbers, where each number is multiplied by a corresponding weight.

Weighted Variance

A measure of how spread out the values in a data set are, calculated by taking the average of the squared differences from the weighted mean.

Weighted Standard Deviation

A measure of the amount of variation or dispersion in a set of values, calculated as the square root of the weighted variance.

Weighted Quartiles

Values that divide a weighted data set into four equal parts, each containing a certain percentage of the total weight.

Weighted Percentiles

Values that divide a weighted data set into 100 equal parts, each containing a certain percentage of the total weight.