What were the major diplomatic negotiations and agreements that led to the end of World War I?

The major diplomatic negotiations and agreements that led to the end of World War I can be summarized as follows:

1. Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (March 1918): This treaty was signed between the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, and the Ottoman Empire) and Soviet Russia. It ended Russia's involvement in the war and resulted in significant territorial losses for Russia, including the Baltic states, Ukraine, Belarus, and Finland.

2. Treaty of Versailles (June 1919): This was the most important peace treaty that officially ended World War I. It was signed between the Allied Powers (primarily the United States, France, Britain, and Italy) and Germany. The treaty imposed harsh terms on Germany, including territorial losses, disarmament, massive reparations, and the acceptance of full responsibility for the war. The treaty also established the League of Nations, an international organization aimed at preventing future conflicts.

3. Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye (September 1919): This treaty was signed between the Allies and Austria. It dissolved the Austro-Hungarian Empire and led to the creation of new nations such as Austria, Hungary, Czechoslovakia, and Yugoslavia. Austria also had to accept territorial losses and pay reparations.

4. Treaty of Trianon (June 1920): This treaty was signed between the Allies and Hungary. It resulted in significant territorial losses for Hungary, with large portions of its territory being ceded to neighboring countries such as Czechoslovakia, Romania, and Yugoslavia.

5. Treaty of Neuilly-sur-Seine (November 1919): This treaty was signed between the Allies and Bulgaria. It led to territorial losses for Bulgaria, including the cession of land to Greece, Romania, and Yugoslavia. Bulgaria also had to pay reparations and accept military restrictions.

6. Treaty of Sèvres (August 1920): This treaty was signed between the Allies and the Ottoman Empire. It resulted in the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire and the creation of new states in the Middle East, such as Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, and Palestine. The treaty also placed significant restrictions on the Ottoman military and imposed reparations.

These treaties and negotiations marked the end of World War I and reshaped the political landscape of Europe and the Middle East. However, it is important to note that the harsh terms imposed on Germany by the Treaty of Versailles contributed to the rise of resentment and economic instability, ultimately leading to the outbreak of World War II.