What were the key roles played by foreign countries in the Velvet Revolution?

Foreign countries played key roles in the Velvet Revolution by providing support and assistance to the Czechoslovakian people in their struggle for democracy. Some of the key roles played by foreign countries include:

1. United States: The United States played a significant role by providing moral and diplomatic support to the Czechoslovakian dissidents. The US government condemned the communist regime's actions and called for democratic reforms. Additionally, the US-funded Radio Free Europe broadcasted news and information to the Czechoslovakian people, helping to mobilize public opinion against the regime.

2. Germany: West Germany played a crucial role in supporting the Velvet Revolution. German Chancellor Helmut Kohl publicly expressed solidarity with the Czechoslovakian people and offered assistance in their transition to democracy. German media also played a vital role in spreading information about the events in Czechoslovakia.

3. Poland: Poland's Solidarity movement, which had successfully challenged communist rule in their own country, provided inspiration and support to the Czechoslovakian dissidents. Polish activists shared their experiences and strategies with their Czechoslovakian counterparts, helping to organize protests and demonstrations.

4. Soviet Union: Although the Soviet Union initially hesitated to intervene, they eventually played a significant role in the Velvet Revolution. Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of perestroika and glasnost encouraged political reforms and openness, which indirectly supported the Czechoslovakian dissidents. The Soviet Union's non-intervention allowed the revolution to proceed without military intervention.

5. European countries: Various European countries, including France, the United Kingdom, and Austria, expressed support for the Czechoslovakian people during the Velvet Revolution. They provided diplomatic assistance, condemned the communist regime's actions, and offered aid in the transition to democracy.

Overall, the support and solidarity from foreign countries played a crucial role in the success of the Velvet Revolution, providing the Czechoslovakian people with encouragement, resources, and international recognition.