What is the right to nationality and freedom of movement?

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What is the right to nationality and freedom of movement?

The right to nationality and freedom of movement are two fundamental rights recognized and protected by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

The right to nationality refers to the legal bond between an individual and a particular state. It ensures that every person has the right to belong to a country and be recognized as a citizen of that country. This right is essential as it provides individuals with a sense of identity, legal protection, and access to various rights and benefits associated with citizenship. The UDHR recognizes the right to nationality in Article 15, stating that "everyone has the right to a nationality" and that "no one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality."

Freedom of movement, on the other hand, guarantees individuals the right to move freely within the borders of their own country, as well as the right to leave any country, including their own, and to return to it. This right is crucial for individuals to exercise their personal and professional choices, seek better opportunities, reunite with family members, and escape persecution or conflict. The UDHR recognizes the freedom of movement in Article 13, stating that "everyone has the right to freedom of movement and residence within the borders of each state" and that "everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country."

These rights are closely interconnected and mutually reinforcing. The right to nationality ensures that individuals have a legal status and protection, while the freedom of movement allows them to exercise their rights and enjoy the benefits associated with their nationality. Together, these rights contribute to the promotion of human dignity, equality, and the realization of other fundamental rights and freedoms.

It is important to note that while these rights are recognized by the UDHR, they are not absolute and can be subject to certain limitations. These limitations are typically imposed to protect national security, public order, public health, or the rights and freedoms of others. However, any restrictions on these rights must be necessary, proportionate, and in accordance with international human rights standards.

In conclusion, the right to nationality and freedom of movement are essential human rights recognized by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. They ensure that individuals have a legal bond with a country and the ability to move freely within and between countries. These rights are crucial for the protection of human dignity, the exercise of other rights, and the promotion of equality and justice.