What were the key events after the Scramble for Africa?

After the Scramble for Africa, several key events took place. These include:

1. Berlin Conference (1884-1885): This conference was held to regulate European colonization and trade in Africa. It resulted in the partitioning of Africa among European powers, without considering the wishes or boundaries of African ethnic groups.

2. African resistance movements: Africans fought against European colonization through various resistance movements. Examples include the Maji Maji Rebellion in German East Africa (1905-1907) and the Ashanti resistance against British rule in present-day Ghana.

3. Formation of African nationalist movements: As European powers imposed their control, African nationalist movements emerged, advocating for independence and self-rule. Prominent examples include the African National Congress (ANC) in South Africa and the National Congress of British West Africa.

4. World War I and II: The two world wars had significant impacts on Africa. African soldiers fought alongside European powers, hoping for improved rights and independence. However, the wars also led to increased exploitation of African resources and further colonization.

5. Decolonization: After World War II, the process of decolonization gained momentum. African countries started gaining independence, with Ghana becoming the first sub-Saharan African nation to achieve independence in 1957. This marked the beginning of the end of European colonial rule in Africa.

6. Cold War influence: The Cold War rivalry between the United States and the Soviet Union also impacted Africa. Both superpowers supported various African countries, often leading to proxy wars and political instability.

7. African Union: In 2002, the African Union was established as a continental organization to promote unity, peace, and development in Africa. It replaced the Organization of African Unity (OAU) and aimed to address the challenges faced by African nations collectively.

These events shaped the post-Scramble for Africa era, influencing the political, social, and economic landscape of the continent.