History The Russian Revolution Questions Medium
War Communism was a policy implemented by the Bolshevik government during the Russian Revolution, primarily between 1918 and 1921. It aimed to centralize control over the economy and society in order to sustain the war effort against counter-revolutionary forces and foreign intervention.
Under War Communism, the state took control of all industries, banks, and transportation systems. Private ownership of land was abolished, and agricultural production was collectivized. The government also introduced strict rationing and requisitioning measures to ensure the supply of food and resources for the Red Army and urban population.
The effects of War Communism on the Russian population were profound and often negative. The policy led to widespread food shortages, as agricultural production declined due to the lack of incentives for individual farmers. Peasants resisted collectivization, resulting in violent clashes and the destruction of crops and livestock. This further exacerbated the food crisis, leading to famine in many regions.
The urban population also suffered greatly under War Communism. Rationing and requisitioning measures meant that basic necessities were scarce, and people had to stand in long queues for meager supplies. The lack of consumer goods and services, combined with hyperinflation, led to a decline in living standards and a loss of purchasing power.
Additionally, War Communism resulted in the breakdown of the monetary system, as the government resorted to printing money to finance the war effort. This led to rampant inflation, rendering the currency virtually worthless and causing economic chaos.
Overall, War Communism had devastating effects on the Russian population. It caused widespread famine, economic collapse, and social unrest. The policy's failure to address the needs and aspirations of the people contributed to growing discontent and paved the way for the eventual shift towards the New Economic Policy (NEP) in 1921.