History The Russian Revolution Questions Medium
The Russian Revolution had a significant impact on the Russian military. Prior to the revolution, the Russian military was one of the largest and most powerful in the world. However, the revolution brought about major changes that affected the military's structure, organization, and overall effectiveness.
Firstly, the revolution led to a breakdown in discipline and morale within the military. Soldiers, who were predominantly peasants, became disillusioned with the war effort and the oppressive conditions they faced. Many soldiers deserted or mutinied, leading to a decline in the military's fighting capabilities.
Secondly, the revolution resulted in the creation of new political factions and ideologies that influenced the military. The Bolsheviks, led by Vladimir Lenin, gained power and established a communist regime. They sought to transform the military into a revolutionary force that would serve the interests of the proletariat. This led to the formation of the Red Army, which replaced the old imperial army.
The Red Army underwent significant changes compared to its predecessor. It was based on the principles of mass mobilization and political indoctrination. The military ranks were opened to soldiers and workers, and political commissars were appointed to ensure loyalty to the communist cause. This politicization of the military had both positive and negative consequences. On one hand, it helped to consolidate the Bolshevik regime's control over the armed forces. On the other hand, it often led to political purges and the execution of officers deemed disloyal or counter-revolutionary.
Furthermore, the Russian Revolution had a profound impact on the military's role in society. The Red Army became an instrument of the state, responsible for defending the revolution and spreading communism. It was involved in the Russian Civil War, fighting against various anti-Bolshevik forces. The military's focus shifted from external defense to internal security and ideological enforcement.
Overall, the Russian Revolution had a transformative effect on the Russian military. It led to a decline in discipline and morale, the establishment of a new revolutionary army, and the politicization of the military. These changes shaped the military's role in society and its subsequent development under the communist regime.