What were the main resistance movements against European colonization in Africa?

There were several main resistance movements against European colonization in Africa, including:

1. The Maji Maji Rebellion (1905-1907): This rebellion took place in German East Africa (present-day Tanzania) and was led by various ethnic groups who united against German colonial rule. The rebellion was sparked by the imposition of forced labor and high taxes, and it aimed to drive out the German colonizers. However, the rebellion was eventually suppressed by the German military.

2. The Mau Mau Uprising (1952-1960): This rebellion occurred in British Kenya and was led by the Kikuyu ethnic group. The Mau Mau sought to end British colonial rule and reclaim their land, which had been taken by European settlers. The uprising involved guerrilla warfare and acts of violence against both British settlers and loyalist Africans. The British responded with a heavy-handed counterinsurgency campaign, and the rebellion was eventually suppressed.

3. The Algerian War of Independence (1954-1962): This was a protracted armed conflict between the National Liberation Front (FLN) and French colonial forces in Algeria. The FLN sought to end French rule and establish an independent Algerian state. The war involved guerrilla tactics, bombings, and acts of terrorism. It resulted in the eventual independence of Algeria in 1962.

4. The Ethiopian Resistance against Italian Occupation (1936-1941): When Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935, Emperor Haile Selassie was forced into exile. However, Ethiopian resistance fighters, known as the Patriots, continued to resist Italian occupation. They employed guerrilla warfare tactics and received support from other African countries. The resistance movement played a significant role in the eventual liberation of Ethiopia in 1941.

These are just a few examples of the main resistance movements against European colonization in Africa. There were numerous other instances of resistance and uprisings throughout the continent, as Africans fought to regain their independence and sovereignty.