History The Ottoman Empire Questions Medium
The devshirme system was a unique practice in the Ottoman Empire that aimed to recruit and train talented individuals from non-Muslim communities to serve in various administrative and military positions within the empire. The word "devshirme" translates to "collection" or "gathering" in Turkish, reflecting the nature of this system.
Under the devshirme system, young boys from Christian families in the Balkans were taken as tribute or tax by the Ottoman authorities. These boys, usually between the ages of 8 and 18, were selected based on their physical and intellectual abilities. They were converted to Islam and then sent to Istanbul, the capital of the empire, to receive education and training.
Once in Istanbul, the boys were placed in special schools called "Enderun" or "Palace School." Here, they received a comprehensive education that included Islamic studies, language training, military training, and administrative skills. The purpose of this education was to mold them into loyal and capable servants of the empire.
After completing their education, the boys were assigned to various positions within the Ottoman bureaucracy or military. Some became administrators, serving as tax collectors, judges, or diplomats, while others joined the elite Janissary corps, which was the empire's renowned infantry force. The most talented individuals could even rise to high-ranking positions, such as viziers or military commanders.
The devshirme system played a crucial role in the functioning and expansion of the Ottoman Empire. By recruiting talented individuals from diverse backgrounds, the empire ensured a steady supply of capable administrators and soldiers. This system also helped to integrate non-Muslim communities into the empire, as the converted boys became part of the ruling elite and often enjoyed privileges and opportunities not available to their peers.
However, the devshirme system was also controversial and faced criticism. It involved the forced separation of children from their families and the conversion of their religious beliefs. Additionally, it created a divide between the ruling elite and the general population, as those who went through the devshirme system were seen as outsiders by many. Nevertheless, the devshirme system remained a significant aspect of the Ottoman Empire's governance and contributed to its longevity and success.