What were the political exchanges between China and Britain during the Opium Wars?

What were the political exchanges between China and Britain during the Opium Wars?

During the Opium Wars, the political exchanges between China and Britain were characterized by conflicts over trade, sovereignty, and diplomatic relations. Britain, seeking to expand its trade with China, introduced opium into the Chinese market, which led to widespread addiction and social problems in China. In response, the Chinese government attempted to crack down on the opium trade, leading to tensions with Britain. The British, backed by their superior military power, launched military campaigns against China, resulting in the Treaty of Nanking in 1842. This treaty forced China to open several ports to British trade, cede Hong Kong to Britain, and pay a large indemnity. The Second Opium War (1856-1860) further escalated the conflicts, with Britain and other Western powers demanding more trade concessions and extraterritorial rights. Ultimately, these wars marked a significant shift in China's relations with the West and the erosion of its sovereignty.