History The Napoleonic Wars Questions Medium
The major treaties that ended the Napoleonic Wars were:
1. Treaty of Paris (1814): This treaty marked the end of the War of the Sixth Coalition and resulted in the abdication of Napoleon Bonaparte as the Emperor of the French. It restored the Bourbon monarchy in France, with Louis XVIII becoming the king. The treaty also redrew the boundaries of Europe, reducing France to its pre-revolutionary borders and restoring territories to various European powers.
2. Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814): This treaty was signed between Napoleon and the Allied powers after his abdication. It allowed Napoleon to retain the title of Emperor and granted him sovereignty over the island of Elba, where he would live in exile. The treaty also ensured his personal security and provided him with a generous pension.
3. Treaty of Chaumont (1814): This treaty was signed by the four main Allied powers - Russia, Prussia, Austria, and the United Kingdom. It established the Quadruple Alliance and outlined their commitment to continue the war against Napoleon until he was completely defeated. The treaty also laid the groundwork for future cooperation among the Allies.
4. Treaty of Paris (1815): This treaty marked the end of the Hundred Days, a period during which Napoleon briefly returned to power. Following his defeat at the Battle of Waterloo, the treaty was signed to restore peace and stability in Europe. It reaffirmed the terms of the Treaty of Paris (1814) and imposed additional conditions on France, including the payment of war reparations and the occupation of French territory by Allied forces.
These treaties collectively brought an end to the Napoleonic Wars, reshaped the political landscape of Europe, and established a new balance of power among the major European nations.