What were the major social and economic changes during the High Middle Ages?

During the High Middle Ages, there were several major social and economic changes that occurred. These include:

1. Feudalism: Feudalism became the dominant social and political system during this period. It involved a hierarchical structure where land was granted in exchange for military service and loyalty. The feudal system provided stability and security, but also limited social mobility.

2. Growth of Towns and Trade: The High Middle Ages witnessed the growth of towns and cities, leading to the rise of a new social class known as the bourgeoisie. Trade and commerce flourished, with the establishment of guilds and the development of a money economy.

3. Agricultural Revolution: There was an increase in agricultural productivity due to the adoption of new farming techniques, such as the three-field system and the use of heavy plows. This led to a surplus of food, population growth, and the expansion of settlements.

4. Rise of the Church: The Catholic Church gained significant power and influence during the High Middle Ages. It played a central role in people's lives, providing education, healthcare, and acting as a unifying force. The Church also accumulated vast wealth and land.

5. Crusades: The Crusades were a series of military campaigns launched by European Christians to reclaim the Holy Land from Muslim control. These expeditions had significant social, economic, and cultural impacts, including the introduction of new goods, ideas, and technologies from the East.

Overall, the major social and economic changes during the High Middle Ages included the establishment of feudalism, the growth of towns and trade, the agricultural revolution, the rise of the Church, and the impact of the Crusades.