History The Mayan Civilization Questions Medium
The major Mayan agricultural crops included maize (corn), beans, squash, and chili peppers. These crops formed the basis of their diet and provided essential nutrients.
Mayan farming techniques were highly advanced and sustainable. They practiced slash-and-burn agriculture, where they cleared land by cutting down trees and burning the vegetation. The ashes from the burned plants acted as natural fertilizers, enriching the soil for cultivation.
They also utilized terracing, which involved creating flat platforms on hillsides to prevent soil erosion and maximize arable land. This technique allowed them to cultivate crops on steep slopes and effectively manage water runoff.
Furthermore, the Mayans developed an intricate system of irrigation canals and reservoirs to control water supply and distribution. They constructed raised fields known as chinampas, which were artificial islands made of mud and vegetation in swampy areas. These chinampas provided fertile soil for growing crops, especially in areas with limited arable land.
The Mayans also practiced crop rotation, allowing the soil to replenish its nutrients naturally. They understood the importance of diversifying their crops to ensure food security and minimize the risk of crop failure.
Overall, the Mayans were highly skilled in agriculture and employed various techniques to sustain their civilization's food production. Their agricultural practices were not only efficient but also environmentally conscious, showcasing their deep understanding of the land and its resources.