What were the major advancements in science in Europe during the Industrial Revolution?

During the Industrial Revolution, there were several major advancements in science in Europe. Some of the key advancements include:

1. Steam engine: The development of the steam engine by James Watt revolutionized transportation and industry. It provided a reliable and efficient source of power, leading to the growth of factories and the expansion of railways.

2. Electricity: The discovery and understanding of electricity by scientists like Michael Faraday and Alessandro Volta paved the way for the development of electric power, lighting, and communication systems.

3. Chemistry: The Industrial Revolution witnessed significant advancements in chemistry, particularly in the fields of metallurgy and the production of chemicals. This led to the development of new materials, such as steel, and the creation of synthetic dyes and fertilizers.

4. Medicine: The Industrial Revolution saw improvements in medical knowledge and practices. The development of anesthesia, vaccination, and the understanding of germ theory by scientists like Louis Pasteur and Joseph Lister greatly improved healthcare and reduced mortality rates.

5. Transportation and communication: The invention of the telegraph by Samuel Morse and the development of the railway system revolutionized transportation and communication, enabling faster and more efficient movement of goods and information.

These advancements in science during the Industrial Revolution played a crucial role in transforming society, economy, and technology, and laid the foundation for further scientific and technological progress in the following centuries.