What were the roles of Philip VI and Charles VII in the Hundred Years War?

Philip VI and Charles VII played significant roles in the Hundred Years War, which was a series of conflicts between England and France that lasted from 1337 to 1453.

Philip VI, also known as Philip of Valois, was the first king of the Valois dynasty in France. He ascended to the throne in 1328 and his reign marked the beginning of the Hundred Years War. Philip VI claimed the French crown after the death of Charles IV, despite Edward III of England also having a claim to the throne through his mother, Isabella of France. This led to a dispute over the succession, which ultimately sparked the war.

During his reign, Philip VI focused on consolidating his power and defending the French territories. He implemented various military reforms, including the establishment of a standing army and the introduction of new weapons such as the crossbow. Philip VI also sought alliances with other European powers, particularly Scotland, in order to counter English aggression.

Charles VII, on the other hand, played a crucial role in the later stages of the Hundred Years War. He became the king of France in 1422, following the death of his father, Charles VI. However, his reign faced significant challenges as large parts of France were under English control, including the capital city of Paris.

Despite these difficulties, Charles VII managed to rally the French forces and gradually regain territories from the English. He relied heavily on the military leadership of Joan of Arc, a young peasant girl who claimed to have divine guidance. Under Joan's guidance, Charles VII was able to achieve several military victories, including the lifting of the siege of Orleans in 1429.

Charles VII also focused on strengthening the French monarchy and centralizing power. He established a permanent royal army, reformed the tax system, and promoted economic development. Charles VII's reign marked a turning point in the war, as his military successes and political reforms laid the foundation for the eventual French victory.

In summary, Philip VI played a crucial role in initiating the Hundred Years War and defending French territories, while Charles VII played a pivotal role in leading the French resistance, regaining territories, and ultimately securing victory for France.