What were the key military campaigns during the Hundred Years War?

The Hundred Years War, which lasted from 1337 to 1453, was a series of conflicts between the Kingdom of England and the Kingdom of France. Several key military campaigns took place during this period, shaping the outcome of the war. Here are some of the most significant campaigns:

1. Battle of Crécy (1346): This battle marked the beginning of the war and was a major English victory. The English longbowmen played a crucial role in defeating the French army, showcasing the effectiveness of the English archery tactics.

2. Siege of Calais (1346-1347): Following the Battle of Crécy, the English laid siege to the French port city of Calais. The siege lasted for almost a year, and the English eventually captured the city, which became an important English stronghold throughout the war.

3. Battle of Poitiers (1356): This battle was another significant English victory, led by Edward, the Black Prince. The English army defeated a larger French force, capturing the French King John II, which resulted in a temporary truce.

4. Battle of Agincourt (1415): One of the most famous battles of the war, the English, led by King Henry V, achieved a remarkable victory against the French. Despite being heavily outnumbered, the English longbowmen once again played a crucial role, leading to a devastating defeat for the French.

5. Siege of Orléans (1428-1429): This siege was a turning point in the war. The French, led by Joan of Arc, successfully defended the city of Orléans against the English, lifting the morale of the French forces and inspiring a series of French victories.

6. Battle of Castillon (1453): This battle marked the end of the Hundred Years War. The French, using artillery and new military tactics, defeated the English, capturing the last English stronghold in France, Bordeaux. This victory effectively ended English territorial claims in France.

These military campaigns, among others, played a crucial role in shaping the outcome of the Hundred Years War, with both sides experiencing victories and defeats throughout the conflict.