How did the Hundred Years War impact the development of national armies?

The Hundred Years War had a significant impact on the development of national armies in several ways.

Firstly, the war led to the emergence of standing armies, which were composed of professional soldiers who were paid and trained by the state. Prior to the war, armies were typically made up of feudal levies, where nobles and their vassals would provide troops for a limited period of time. However, the prolonged nature of the Hundred Years War necessitated the establishment of permanent armies, leading to the professionalization of military forces.

Secondly, the war saw the increased use of infantry and archers, which played a crucial role in the outcome of battles. The English longbowmen, in particular, proved to be highly effective against the French knights. This shift in military tactics highlighted the importance of well-trained and disciplined foot soldiers, leading to the development of more balanced armies that relied on a combination of infantry, archers, and cavalry.

Furthermore, the Hundred Years War also spurred advancements in military technology and warfare strategies. The introduction of gunpowder weapons, such as cannons and handguns, revolutionized warfare and led to the decline of traditional knightly warfare. This necessitated the adaptation of armies to incorporate these new weapons and tactics, further contributing to the development of national armies.

Lastly, the war fostered a sense of national identity and patriotism among the combatants. As the conflict dragged on for over a century, it became increasingly tied to the idea of defending one's nation and its interests. This led to the formation of national armies that fought under the banner of their respective countries, rather than being solely loyal to individual lords or feudal obligations.

In conclusion, the Hundred Years War had a profound impact on the development of national armies. It led to the establishment of standing armies, the increased use of infantry and archers, advancements in military technology, and the fostering of national identity. These developments laid the foundation for the modern concept of national armies that we see today.