Explain the concept of 'Youth Mobilization' in the context of the Arab Spring.

The concept of 'Youth Mobilization' in the context of the Arab Spring refers to the significant role played by young people in initiating and driving the wave of protests and uprisings that swept across several Arab countries in 2010 and 2011.

During this period, a large portion of the Arab population was comprised of young people, with a significant percentage being under the age of 30. These young individuals, often referred to as the "youth bulge," faced various socio-economic challenges, including high unemployment rates, limited political participation, corruption, and lack of opportunities for upward mobility.

Frustrated by these conditions and inspired by the success of other global movements, such as the 2009 Iranian Green Movement and the 2010 Tunisian protests, Arab youth began to mobilize and organize themselves through social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube. These platforms provided a space for young activists to connect, share information, and coordinate their actions.

Youth mobilization in the Arab Spring was characterized by a decentralized and leaderless nature, with no single organization or individual directing the protests. Instead, young people used social media to spread awareness, organize demonstrations, and share videos and images of government repression, which further fueled public anger and participation.

The youth-led protests in countries like Tunisia, Egypt, Libya, Syria, and Yemen demanded political reforms, an end to authoritarian rule, and greater socio-economic opportunities. The Arab Spring demonstrated the power of collective action and the ability of young people to challenge long-standing regimes.

However, it is important to note that the outcomes of the Arab Spring varied across countries. While Tunisia experienced a relatively successful transition to democracy, other countries faced prolonged conflicts, political instability, and even civil wars. Nonetheless, the concept of youth mobilization in the Arab Spring remains significant as it highlighted the agency and determination of young people in demanding change and shaping the course of history in the region.