What were the key international conferences and summits associated with the Anti-Apartheid Movement?

The Anti-Apartheid Movement was a global movement that aimed to end the system of racial segregation and discrimination in South Africa known as apartheid. Throughout its existence, several key international conferences and summits played a significant role in supporting and advancing the movement's goals. Some of the most notable conferences and summits associated with the Anti-Apartheid Movement include:

1. World Campaign Against Military and Nuclear Collaboration with South Africa (1974): This conference, held in London, brought together activists from various countries to discuss strategies for combating military and nuclear collaboration with the apartheid regime. It helped to raise awareness about the international support that sustained the apartheid government.

2. United Nations Special Committee Against Apartheid (1962-1994): The United Nations established this committee to coordinate international efforts against apartheid. It organized numerous conferences and summits, including the International Conference on Sanctions against South Africa (1986) and the World Conference on Sanctions against South Africa (1994), which aimed to strengthen economic and political pressure on the apartheid regime.

3. Commonwealth Heads of Government Meetings (CHOGM): The Commonwealth, an intergovernmental organization comprising mostly former territories of the British Empire, played a crucial role in the Anti-Apartheid Movement. Several CHOGM meetings, such as the 1971 Singapore CHOGM and the 1977 London CHOGM, provided platforms for member countries to discuss and coordinate actions against apartheid.

4. Non-Aligned Movement (NAM) Summits: The NAM, a group of countries that did not align with any major power bloc during the Cold War, also supported the Anti-Apartheid Movement. NAM summits, including the 1976 Colombo Summit and the 1986 Harare Summit, provided opportunities for member countries to express solidarity with the struggle against apartheid and call for international action.

5. International Anti-Apartheid Conference (1983): Held in Lisbon, Portugal, this conference brought together representatives from various anti-apartheid organizations, political parties, and governments. It aimed to coordinate efforts, share information, and develop strategies to intensify the global campaign against apartheid.

These conferences and summits served as crucial platforms for international solidarity, coordination, and strategizing in the fight against apartheid. They helped to raise awareness, mobilize support, and put pressure on governments and institutions to take action against the apartheid regime in South Africa.