What were the major technological advancements that enabled exploration during this time?

During the Age of Exploration, several major technological advancements played a crucial role in enabling exploration and expanding the known world. These advancements include:

1. The Astrolabe: The astrolabe was an instrument used by sailors to determine their latitude at sea. It allowed navigators to measure the angle between the horizon and celestial bodies, such as the sun or stars, providing them with a more accurate understanding of their position.

2. The Compass: The compass, a Chinese invention, became widely used during the Age of Exploration. It allowed sailors to determine their direction, regardless of the visibility of the stars or landmarks. This greatly improved navigation and made long-distance sea voyages more feasible.

3. The Caravel: The caravel was a small, highly maneuverable ship that emerged during this period. It was equipped with triangular lateen sails, which allowed it to sail against the wind, making it more versatile and capable of exploring new routes.

4. Improved Cartography: The development of more accurate maps and charts greatly aided exploration. Explorers had access to more detailed and precise maps, which helped them navigate unknown territories more effectively.

5. Gunpowder: The invention and use of gunpowder revolutionized naval warfare during the Age of Exploration. It provided explorers with a significant advantage in encounters with indigenous populations and rival European powers, making it easier to establish and maintain control over newly discovered territories.

6. Improved Shipbuilding Techniques: Shipbuilding techniques advanced during this time, allowing for the construction of larger and sturdier vessels. Ships became more capable of withstanding long voyages across the open ocean, enabling explorers to venture further into unknown territories.

These technological advancements collectively contributed to the success of the Age of Exploration, enabling explorers to navigate the seas more accurately, withstand longer voyages, and establish contact with new lands and civilizations.