What were the major technological advancements in navigation techniques during the Age of Exploration?

During the Age of Exploration, several major technological advancements in navigation techniques played a crucial role in enabling explorers to venture into unknown territories. These advancements include:

1. The Astrolabe: The astrolabe was an instrument used to measure the altitude of celestial bodies, particularly the sun and stars. It allowed sailors to determine their latitude, which helped them navigate more accurately.

2. The Compass: The compass, a Chinese invention, became widely used during the Age of Exploration. It provided sailors with a reliable method to determine their direction, regardless of the weather conditions.

3. The Caravel: The caravel was a small, highly maneuverable ship that incorporated several technological innovations. It featured a combination of square and triangular sails, allowing it to sail against the wind. This ship design greatly enhanced the explorers' ability to navigate and explore new territories.

4. The Quadrant and Cross-staff: These instruments were used to measure the angle between the horizon and celestial bodies, such as the sun or stars. They helped determine the ship's latitude and were particularly useful for measuring the height of the sun at noon.

5. Improved Mapmaking: During this period, cartography experienced significant advancements. Explorers began using more accurate maps, incorporating new geographical knowledge gained from their voyages. The creation of more precise maps allowed for better navigation and exploration.

6. The Chronometer: In the later stages of the Age of Exploration, the invention of the chronometer greatly improved navigation accuracy. This timekeeping device allowed sailors to determine their longitude accurately, which was crucial for accurate navigation.

These technological advancements in navigation techniques during the Age of Exploration revolutionized the way sailors and explorers navigated the seas, enabling them to undertake longer and more ambitious voyages, ultimately leading to the discovery of new lands and the expansion of global trade.