What were the major explorations and discoveries in the South American region during this time?

During the Age of Exploration, several major explorations and discoveries took place in the South American region. One of the most significant expeditions was led by Christopher Columbus in 1492, who reached the Caribbean islands, mistakenly believing he had reached the East Indies. This voyage opened the door for further exploration and colonization in the Americas.

Another notable exploration was conducted by Amerigo Vespucci, an Italian explorer, who sailed along the eastern coast of South America in the late 15th century. Vespucci's voyages helped to establish that the newly discovered lands were indeed a separate continent, which was later named after him - America.

In 1519, Ferdinand Magellan, a Portuguese explorer sailing under the Spanish flag, embarked on a voyage to find a western route to the Spice Islands. Although Magellan himself did not complete the journey, his expedition became the first to circumnavigate the globe, proving that the Earth was round and significantly expanding European knowledge of the world.

In the early 16th century, Spanish conquistadors, such as Francisco Pizarro and Hernán Cortés, undertook expeditions to conquer the Inca and Aztec empires, respectively. These conquests led to the establishment of Spanish colonies in present-day Peru and Mexico, marking the beginning of Spanish colonization in South America.

Furthermore, the Portuguese explorer Pedro Álvares Cabral accidentally discovered Brazil in 1500 while en route to India. This discovery eventually led to Portuguese colonization and the establishment of the colony of Brazil.

Overall, the major explorations and discoveries in the South American region during the Age of Exploration included Columbus' arrival in the Caribbean, Vespucci's exploration of the eastern coast, Magellan's circumnavigation, the Spanish conquests of the Inca and Aztec empires, and the accidental discovery of Brazil by Cabral. These expeditions and discoveries played a crucial role in shaping the history and colonization of South America.